Center for Problem- Oriented Policing . It then identifies a. Finally, it reviews responses to the problem and what is. Convenience store robbery is but one aspect of the larger set of problems. Cracked Free Holdem Genius Online Poker Tool Windows Xp Vista 7 Zip there. Although all robbery types share some common features, convenience store robbery warrants. Related problems not directly addressed in this guide, each requiring. Some of these related problems are covered in other guides in.

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For the most up- to- date listing of current and future guides, see www. General Description of the Problem. About. Convenience Stores. Convenience stores are “retail business. Over the last 3. 0 years, there has been little change in the proportion. Nevertheless, convenience stores in particular locations can be vulnerable to repeat victimization, especially.

The numbers of U. S. Repeat Victimization. Reasons for repeat victimization vary. A successful robber might return to rob the. Alternatively, a wide range of robbers might see the store as particularly attractive. A higher number of employee injuries are reported in merchandise robberies, as active resistance and confrontation are more prevalent. Harms Resulting From Convenience Store.

Robbery. Physical. Convenience store employees suffer from high rates of workplace homicide, second only to taxicab.

Injuries can result from an employee’s active resistance or from the offender. When faced with an employee who chooses to actively resist and is in a face- to- face confrontation, robbers may resort to injuring the worker to. Higher injury rates are consistently found to be correlated with measures employees take during the robbery. Economic. Convenience store robberies are not only costly to the workers. Costs include loss of customers who may be deterred from shopping at a store that has been robbed, leading. Stores can also experience an increase in workers’ compensation costs and insurance premiums. Unfortunately, for those independently owned stores, losses may be unrecoverable, due to the inability of many small operations.

Stores that do not have insurance coverage may be. Other less direct costs include the various criminal justice activities of state and local. The average cost to employers of a single episode of workplace violence can amount to $2. Workplace victimizations reportedly contribute to. Victimization can further limit the ability of these stores to attract and maintain employees for the. The combination of operational expenses and security challenges can be. Psychological. Victim employees.

Secondary victimization. This may result from not believing the victim’s description of the attack. Psychological problems resulting from victimization may not only affect the. In. some cases, the findings are inconsistent or contradictory. This may be because it can be difficult to interpret studies based on small numbers of.

The factors generally found to contribute to the incidence of convenience store robberies follow. Store Characteristics. Operation hours. Operation hours are by far the strongest factor contributing to. Late. evening to early morning hours carry a greater risk of being targeted, perhaps because fewer people are about—other customers, police, or. Interior store layout Several characteristics of a store’s interior layout can.

Common among these is visibility, from two perspectives. First, employees should be able to see their. Robbers are deterred by brightly lit stores in which employees and the store’s cash registers. The height and placement of store displays. Exterior store environment Visibility is. Poorly lit gasoline islands and parking lots increase the chances of a robber’s selecting a particular. There is also a relationship between parking lot size and store vulnerability in that a large parking area in front of the store reduces the.

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The availability of viable escape routes is also a consideration in determining whether or not a store is a prime robbery. For instance, poorly designed fencing or landscaping can facilitate a robber’s quick flight from the store, thereby. Location. There may be a relationship between the location and surrounding. For instance, one study found that stores located in shopping. A study of robberies at service stations and pharmacies produced similar findings. According to another study, stores in neighborhoods with older buildings and structures, close to.

Convenience store type Convenience stores can be distinguished from other retail establishments. Most are open every day until late in the evening, with some open 2. Some. are corporate franchises, others are independently owned. Single- store businesses that are owned and operated as a one- store business or franchise. There are generally six convenience store formats. For instance, stores with gas pumps, sometimes referred. Another study has found that independent stores less than two years old were at higher risk for robbery than older stores that.

Ownership. The security and. Eleven, Inc. Staff number Several studies have evaluated the presence of two or more clerks to reduce the risk of robbery. The findings have been inconsistent. The 1. 98. 6 Gainesville, Fla., studies concluded that the. However, a. review of convenience store robberies by the National Association of Convenience Stores in 1. Cash- control procedures.

The handling and storage of cash has a significant. Descargar Gratis El Software Para Blackberry 8520 Manual. The Athena Research Corp. Again, both the ability to purchase such units and the implementation of strict cash. A strict cash control protocol can significantly reduce the chances a store will be targeted by potential robbers. Incident response policies. Employers’ policies, particularly about firearms in the workplace. This includes following the offender’s instructions, staying calm and quiet.

Offender Characteristics Like robbers in general, most convenience store robbers are male (9. They are often impulsive and opportunistic, and do. Most are seeking quick cash, often to buy drugs. A high proportion report that they were. Serial robbers, particularly those that victimize the same location on more than one occasion, appear to be more professional, even determined. They are significantly more likely to carry a gun, to have been in prison before, to wear a disguise, and to choose a specific.

They are also more likely to be violent, and cause a higher rate of employee injury. Their robberies display distinct geographical patterns over time. Since it has been found that certain stores are more vulnerable to repeat victimization, we can conclude that robbers.

Offenders prefer areas in or near their neighborhoods, thus increasing the risk for those stores in areas where many. However, many factors may affect offender decisions.

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For. example, since offenders commonly use guns in convenience store robberies, some offenders looking for quick cash may think that a weapon overcomes. Novice offenders might be less likely to differentiate between low- risk and high- risk targets.

Robbers commonly consider escape routes an important factor in selecting a target. Time Patterns. To limit the risk of. Convenience store robberies have been found to be. One study of robberies in 3. Leon County, Fla., convenience stores over a four- year period found significant. Fifty percent occurred between 1.

Three days (Friday, Saturday, and Sunday) accounted for 6. More than 5. 0 percent occurred. November and February, consistent with findings that property crimes occur more frequently during winter months.

Understanding Your Local Problem The information provided above is only a generalized description of convenience store robbery. You must combine the basic facts. Analyzing the local problem carefully will help you design a more effective response. Your analysis should examine the different risks evident in the stores, and be particularly focused on repeat victimization. The more standardized your department’s information- gathering process, the more.

Stakeholders. In addition to criminal. Asking the Right Questions.

The following are some critical questions you should ask in analyzing your particular problem of. Your answers to these and other questions will help you choose the. Since environmental details are particularly relevant to this type of crime, it is important to. You can collect pertinent information by asking victims incisive questions about the.

It is also crucial to interview as many apprehended offenders as possible. See Problem- Solving Tools Guide No. Using Offender Interviews to Inform Police Problem- Solving, for. Offenses. How many convenience store robberies have occurred?

What is the ratio of attempted robberies to completed robberies? What proportion of robberies (and attempts) is reported to police? What is the typical length of time between repeat robberies? How long do robbers take. Do they use a “straight” or “customer” approach (as described above)?

How do employees. What types of weapons are used, if any? Have any injuries resulted? How many employees and customers are. What are the usual escape routes or methods?

How much money or merchandise is. What other financial costs do convenience stores incur from robberies (e. Offenders. Are there many different offenders involved in the robberies, or is a small group of prolific offenders responsible? How many of the prolific.

How many have recently been released from prison? How much planning do offenders. Do offenders work in gangs? How many offenders are in the gangs?

Do offenders belong to any particular ethnic. What proportion of offenders are juveniles? Are offenders under the influence of drugs or alcohol. What proportion of offenders commit robberies primarily to support a drug or alcohol habit? Do. offenders appear to be familiar with the premises robbed? If so, how do they get the information (e. Do employees recognize offenders as familiar to the.

How do offenders get to the stores? In vehicles? Are offenders drawn to the area by robbery opportunities. Targets. Which types of convenience stores are most at risk of. What types are at least risk?

Which stores are being robbed repeatedly? What do high- risk stores have in common with one.