8/10 (7 votes) - Download Medieval 2 Total War Free. Download Medieval 2 Total War on your PC and enjoy this real-time strategy game, taking part in a. Browse Medieval II: Total War: Kingdoms files to download full releases, installer, sdk, patches, mods, demos, and media.

Food Timeline: history notes- pie & pastry.

France and the Hapsburg fight to gain ascendancy over Italy, involved are most of the Italian city states or lordships and even most of the European states.

Alps - Wikipedia. Alps. French: Les Alpes, German: Alpen, Italian: Alpi, Slovene: Alpe. Highest point. Peak. Mont Blanc. Elevation. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn.

Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at 4,8. Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4. The altitude and size of the range affects the climate in Europe; in the mountains precipitation levels vary greatly and climatic conditions consist of distinct zones. Wildlife such as ibex live in the higher peaks to elevations of 3,4. Edelweiss grow in rocky areas in lower elevations as well as in higher elevations.

Evidence of human habitation in the Alps goes back to the Palaeolithic era. A mummified man, determined to be 5,0. Austrian–Italian border in 1. By the 6th century BC, the Celtic La T.

Hannibal famously crossed the Alps with a herd of elephants, and the Romans had settlements in the region. In 1. 80. 0, Napoleon crossed one of the mountain passes with an army of 4. The 1. 8th and 1. Romantics, followed by the golden age of alpinism as mountaineers began to ascend the peaks.

In World War II, Adolf Hitler kept a base of operation in the Bavarian Alps throughout the war. The Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 2.

World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century. The Winter Olympic Games have been hosted in the Swiss, French, Italian, Austrian and German Alps. At present, the region is home to 1. Maurus Servius Honoratus, an ancient commentator of Virgil, says in his commentary (A. X 1. 3) that all high mountains are called Alpes by Celts.

The term may be common to Italo- Celtic, because the Celtic languages have terms for high mountains derived from alp. This may be consistent with the theory that in Greek Alpes is a name of non- Indo- European origin (which is common for prominent mountains and mountain ranges in the Mediterranean region). According to the Old English Dictionary, the Latin Alpes might possibly derive from a pre- Indo- European word *alb . Downloading Guild Wars 2 Client Download more. Albania, a name not native to the region known as the country of Albania, has been used as a name for a number of mountainous areas across Europe. In Roman times, .

The mean height of the mountain peaks is 2. The range continues onward toward Vienna, Austria, and east to the Adriatic Sea and Slovenia. The countries with the greatest alpine territory are Switzerland, France, Austria and Italy. The highest portion of the range is divided by the glacial trough of the Rhone valley, with the Pennine Alps from Mont Blanc to the Matterhorn and Monte Rosa on the southern side, and the Bernese Alps on the northern. The peaks in the easterly portion of the range, in Austria and Slovenia, are smaller than those in the central and western portions. The second- highest major peaks are Monte Rosa at 4,6. Ortler. The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald, passing over many of the highest and most well- known peaks in the Alps.

From the Colle di Cadibona to Col de Tende it runs westwards, before turning to the northwest and then, near the Colle della Maddalena, to the north. Upon reaching the Swiss border, the line of the main chain heads approximately east- northeast, a heading it follows until its end near Vienna. Teufelsbr. Crossing routes by road, train or foot are known as passes, and usually consist of depressions in the mountains in which a valley leads from the plains and hilly pre- mountainous zones. In the medieval period hospices were established by religious orders at the summits of many of the main passes. Bernard Pass, the Col de Tende, the Gotthard Pass, the Semmering Pass, the Simplon Pass, and the Stelvio Pass. The lowest of the Alpine passes at 9.

Semmering crosses from Lower Austria to Styria; since the 1. A railroad with a tunnel 1 mile (1. With a summit of 2,4. Great St. Bernard Pass is one of the highest in the Alps, crossing the Italian- Swiss border east of the Pennine Alps along the flanks of Mont Blanc. The pass was used by Napoleon Bonaparte to cross 4.

The pass was crossed by many troops on their way to the Italian peninsula. From Constantine I, Pepin the Short and Charlemagne to Henry IV, Napol. Now the pass has been supplanted by the Fr. Gotthard Road Tunnel (1.

A2 motorway in G. On 1 June 2. 01. 6 the world's longest railway tunnel, the Gotthard Base Tunnel was opened, which connects Erstfeld in canton of Uri with Bodio in canton of Ticino by two single tubes of 5. In the mid- 1. 9th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of . The formation of the Alps was a segment of this orogenic process. Coarse sediments from the continual uplift and erosion were later deposited in foreland areas as molasse. The tip of the mountain consists of gneisses from the African plate; the base of the peak, below the glaciated area, consists of European basement rock.

The sequence of Tethyan marine sediments and their oceanic basement is sandwiched between rock derived from the African and European plates. Below are listed the 2. Karl Blodig (1. 85. He completed his series of ascents in 1.

By the mid- 1. 85. Swiss mountaineers had ascended most of the peaks and were eagerly sought as mountain guides. Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in 1.

Alps was climbed with the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand (north face of the Eiger). In the 8th to 6th centuries BC during the Hallstatt culture, Celtic tribes mined copper; later the Romans mined gold for coins in the Bad Gastein area. Erzberg in Styria furnishes high- quality iron ore for the steel industry. Crystals are found throughout much of the Alpine region such as cinnabar, amethyst, and quartz.

The cinnabar deposits in Slovenia are a notable source of cinnabar pigments. Leonhard Euler studied the shapes of crystals, and by the 1. Alpine regions. David Friedrich Wiser amassed a collection of 8. In the 2. 0th century Robert Parker wrote a well- known work about the rock crystals of the Swiss Alps; at the same period a commission was established to control and standardize the naming of Alpine minerals. Because of his work he came to be known as the . His work was continued by other scientists and now a permanent laboratory exists inside a glacier under the Jungfraujoch, devoted exclusively to the study of Alpine glaciers. This causes erosion and the formation of valleys over time.

The Inn valley is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages with a typical terraced structure caused by erosion. Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age lie at the bottom of the valley while the top of the valley consists of erosion from earlier ice ages. The stress of the movement causes the ice to break and crack loudly, perhaps explaining why the mountains were believed to be home to dragons in the medieval period.

The cracking creates unpredictable and dangerous crevasses, often invisible under new snowfall, which cause the greatest danger to mountaineers. Sometimes a piece of glacier will detach or break resulting in flooding, property damage and loss of life.

Cities such as Milan depend on 8. Alpine runoff. Other rivers such as the Danube have major tributaries flowing into them that originate in the Alps. In Germany, the medieval St. Bartholomew's chapel was built on the south side of the K. For example, each year more water is diverted from rivers for snowmaking in the ski resorts, the effect of which is yet unknown. Furthermore, the decrease of glaciated areas combined with a succession of winters with lower- than- expected precipitation may have a future impact on the rivers in the Alps as well as an effect on the water availability to the lowlands. Harry Potter The Goblet Of Fire Game Crack on this page.

Elevations around the world that have cold climates similar to those of the polar regions have been called Alpine. A rise from sea level into the upper regions of the atmosphere causes the temperature to decrease (see adiabatic lapse rate). The effect of mountain chains on prevailing winds is to carry warm air belonging to the lower region into an upper zone, where it expands in volume at the cost of a proportionate loss of temperature, often accompanied by precipitation in the form of snow or rain. The height of the Alps is sufficient to divide the weather patterns in Europe into a wet north and a dry south because moisture is sucked from the air as it flows over the high peaks. Numerous weather stations were placed in the mountains early in the early 2. At altitudes between 1,0. November and accumulates through to April or May when the melt begins.

Snow lines vary from 2,4. July and August. High- water levels in streams and rivers peak in June and July when the snow is still melting at the higher altitudes.

The climate, plant life and animal life vary among the different sections or zones of the mountains. The lowest zone is the colline zone, which exists between 5.

The montane zone extends from 8. Alpine zone from 1,6. The Alpine zone, extending from tree line to snow line, is followed by the glacial zone, which covers the glaciated areas of the mountain. Climatic conditions show variances within the same zones; for example, weather conditions at the head of a mountain valley, extending directly from the peaks, are colder and more severe than those at the mouth of a valley which tend to be less severe and receive less snowfall. The habitats range from meadows, bogs, woodland (deciduous and coniferous) areas to soil- less scree and moraines, and rock faces and ridges.