Farm Animals Guide to Raising Livestock: Feeding, Housing, Diseases. Here is information on how. Looking after farm animals and good animal husbandry can be. There is lots to think about. It will soon add. What you feed your livestock is the most important aspect in.

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3. Intensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also known as factory farming by opponents of the practice, is a treatment towards farm animals in order.
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Intensive animal farming - Wikipedia. Intensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also known as factory farming by opponents of the practice, is a treatment towards farm animals in order to supply the vast, growing demand of meat. Intensive farming refers to animal husbandry, the keeping of livestock such as cattle, poultry, and fish at higher stocking densities than is usually the case with other forms of animal agriculture—a practice typical in industrial farming by agribusinesses. There are differences in the way factory farming techniques are practiced around the world. There is a continuing debate over the benefits, risks and ethical questions of factory farming. The issues include the efficiency of food production; animal welfare; whether it is essential for feeding the growing global population; and the environmental impact (e. Innovations in agriculture beginning in the late 1.

Industrial Revolution. The discovery of vitamins and their role in animal nutrition, in the first two decades of the 2.

Chemicals developed for use in World War II gave rise to synthetic pesticides. Developments in shipping networks and technology have made long- distance distribution of agricultural produce feasible. Agricultural production across the world doubled four times between 1. In the 1. 93. 0s, 2. American population worked in agriculture compared to 1.

The United Nations writes that . Cube World Free Download Cracked Antivirus more. The aim of the operation is to produce large quantities of meat, eggs, or milk at the lowest possible cost. Food is supplied in place. Gran Turismo 5 Academy Edition Ps3 Update'>Gran Turismo 5 Academy Edition Ps3 Update.

Methods employed to maintain health and improve production may include some combination of disinfectants, antimicrobial agents, anthelmintics, hormones and vaccines; protein, mineral and vitamin supplements; frequent health inspections; biosecurity; climate- controlled facilities and other measures. Physical restraints, e. Breeding programs are used to produce animals more suited to the confined conditions and able to provide a consistent food product. For 2. 00. 2- 2. 00. FAO estimates of industrial production as a percentage of global production were 7 percent for beef and veal, 0. Industrial production was estimated to account for 3. Originally, the primary value in poultry was eggs, and meat was considered a byproduct of egg production.

Except in hot weather, eggs can be shipped and stored without refrigeration for some time before going bad; this was important in the days before widespread refrigeration. Farm flocks tended to be small because the hens largely fed themselves through foraging, with some supplementation of grain, scraps, and waste products from other farm ventures. Such feedstuffs were in limited supply, especially in the winter, and this tended to regulate the size of the farm flocks. Soon after poultry keeping gained the attention of agricultural researchers (around 1.

Prior to about 1. Sunday dinner. Poultry was shipped live or killed, plucked, and packed on ice (but not eviscerated).

Before this, poultry were often cleaned by the neighborhood butcher, though cleaning poultry at home was a commonplace kitchen skill. Two kinds of poultry were generally used: broilers or . Before this, chickens did not thrive during the winter (due to lack of sunlight), and egg production, incubation, and meat production in the off- season were all very difficult, making poultry a seasonal and expensive proposition.

Year- round production lowered costs, especially for broilers. At the same time, egg production was increased by scientific breeding. After a few false starts, (such as the Maine Experiment Station's failure at improving egg production) success was shown by Professor Dryden at the Oregon Experiment Station. In the 1. 93. 0s through the early 1. In the late 1. 95.

Not long after this, prices fell still further and large numbers of egg farmers left the business. Robert Plamondon. But the standard laying house of the current operators is around 1. This fall in profitability was accompanied by a general fall in prices to the consumer, allowing poultry and eggs to lose their status as luxury foods. The vertical integration of the egg and poultry industries was a late development, occurring after all the major technological changes had been in place for years (including the development of modern broiler rearing techniques, the adoption of the Cornish Cross broiler, the use of laying cages, etc.). By the late 1. 95.

Large farms and packing plants could grow birds by the tens of thousands. Chickens could be sent to slaughterhouses for butchering and processing into prepackaged commercial products to be frozen or shipped fresh to markets or wholesalers.

Meat- type chickens currently grow to market weight in six to seven weeks, whereas only fifty years ago it took three times as long. Once a meat consumed only occasionally, the common availability and lower cost has made chicken a common meat product within developed nations.

Growing concerns over the cholesterol content of red meat in the 1. Today, eggs are produced on large egg ranches on which environmental parameters are well controlled. Chickens are exposed to artificial light cycles to stimulate egg production year- round. In addition, it is a common practice to induce molting through careful manipulation of light and the amount of food they receive in order to further increase egg size and production. On average, a chicken lays one egg a day, but not on every day of the year. This varies with the breed and time of year.

In 1. 90. 0, average egg production was 8. In 2. 00. 0, it was well over 3. In the United States, laying hens are butchered after their second egg laying season. In Europe, they are generally butchered after a single season. The laying period begins when the hen is about 1. Males of the egg- type breeds have little commercial value at any age, and all those not used for breeding (roughly fifty percent of all egg- type chickens) are killed soon after hatching. The old hens also have little commercial value.

Thus, the main sources of poultry meat 1. Some believe that the . Webster et al.: Transmission of highly pathogenic H5. N1 from domestic poultry back to migratory waterfowl in western China has increased the geographic spread. The spread of H5.

N1 and its likely reintroduction to domestic poultry increase the need for good agricultural vaccines. In fact, the root cause of the continuing H5.

N1 pandemic threat may be the way the pathogenicity of H5. N1 viruses is masked by cocirculating influenza viruses or bad agricultural vaccines. But if they have been using vaccines now ? There is bad vaccine that stops the disease in the bird but the bird goes on pooping out virus and maintaining it and changing it. And I think this is what is going on in China.

It has to be. Either there is not enough vaccine being used or there is substandard vaccine being used. Probably both. It's not just China. We can't blame China for substandard vaccines. I think there are substandard vaccines for influenza in poultry all over the world.

There has been a lot of criticism of what they have done, because they have protected their chickens against death from this virus but the chickens still get infected; and then you get drift – the virus mutates in response to the antibodies – and now we have a situation where we have five or six . Caging (no free range poultry) is one way. Providing wild birds with restored wetlands so they naturally choose nonlivestock areas is another way that helps accomplish this. Political forces are increasingly demanding the selection of one, the other, or both based on nonscientific reasons. In this system of pig production grower pigs are housed indoors in group- housing or straw- lined sheds, whilst pregnant sows are confined in sow stalls (gestation crates) and give birth in farrowing crates. The use of sow stalls (gestation crates) has resulted in lower production costs, however, this practice has led to more significant animal welfare concerns. Many of the world’s largest producers of pigs (U.

S. Florida and Arizona) have banned them. Intensive piggeries are generally large warehouse- like buildings. Indoor pig systems allow the pig’s condition to be monitored, ensuring minimum fatalities and increased productivity. Buildings are ventilated and their temperature regulated.

Most domestic pig varieties are susceptible to heat stress, and all pigs lack sweat glands and cannot cool themselves. Pigs have a limited tolerance to high temperatures and heat stress can lead to death. Maintaining a more specific temperature within the pig- tolerance range also maximizes growth and growth to feed ratio.

In an intensive operation pigs will lack access to a wallow (mud), which is their natural cooling mechanism. Intensive piggeries control temperature through ventilation or drip water systems (dropping water to cool the system). Pigs are naturally omnivorous and are generally fed a combination of grains and protein sources (soybeans, or meat and bone meal).

Larger intensive pig farms may be surrounded by farmland where feed- grain crops are grown. Alternatively, piggeries are reliant on the grains industry. Pig feed may be bought packaged or mixed on- site.

The intensive piggery system, where pigs are confined in individual stalls, allows each pig to be allotted a portion of feed. The individual feeding system also facilitates individual medication of pigs through feed. This has more significance to intensive farming methods, as the close proximity to other animals enables diseases to spread more rapidly. To prevent disease spreading and encourage growth, drug programs such as antibiotics, vitamins, hormones and other supplements are preemptively administered. Indoor systems, especially stalls and pens (i. In an indoor intensive pig farm, manure can be managed through a lagoon system or other waste- management system.

However, odor remains a problem which is difficult to manage. The way animals are housed in intensive systems varies.